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William Thomson proposed that atoms consist of small, negative electrons embedded in a massive, positive sphere. Thomson discovered the electron and knew that electrons could be emitted from matter (1897). Plum-Pudding ModelZumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 56 William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)In 1910 proposed the Plum Pudding modelNegative electrons were embedded into a positively charged spherical cloud.Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 56 He knew that atoms did not have a net negative charge and so there must be balancing the negative charge. ThomsonHe proved that atoms of any element can be made to emit tiny negative particles.įrom this he concluded that ALL atoms must contain these negative particles. L lleg a la conclusin de que los tomos contienen partculas subatmicas, tomos de dividirse en partculas ms pequeas.Įsta conclusin es contradicha Dalton postulado y no fue ampliamente aceptada por sus compaeros fsicos y qumicos de su poca.ĭado que todo el material del electrodo produce una idntica de rayos, rayos catdicos partculas estn presentes en todos los tipos de materia, universal negativamente cargado de partculas subatmicas ms tarde el nombre de electrnĭorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter, 3rd Edition, 1990, pages 117-118cathodesource ofhigh voltageyellow-greenfluorescenceshadow(A) The effect of an obstruction on cathode rays(B) The effect of an electric field on cathode rays He comparado con el valor de la masa / carga ms ligera para la proporcin de partculas cargadas.Įn comparacin, Thomson calcula que las partculas de rayos catdicos pesaba 1 / 1000 tanto como el hidrgeno, el tomo ms ligero. Since any electrode material produces an identical ray, cathode ray particles are present in all types of matter - a universal negatively charged subatomic particle later named the electron This conclusion contradicted Daltons postulate and was not widely accepted by fellow physicists and chemists of his day. He concluded that atoms do contain subatomic particles - atoms are divisible into smaller particles. He compared the value with the mass/ charge ratio for the lightest charged particle.īy comparison, Thomson estimated that the cathode ray particle weighed 1/1000 as much as hydrogen, the lightest atom. Thomsons CalculationsCathode Ray ExperimentThomson used magnetic and electric fields to measure and calculate the ratio of the cathode rays mass to its charge. Thomsons Experiment+-voltage sourceOFFONBy adding an electric fieldhe found that the moving pieces were negative.Ĭathode Ray ExperimentDeflectionregionDrift regionDisplacement+-Anodes / collimatorsCathodeVolts Thomsons Experiment+-voltage sourceOFFONPassing an electric current makes a beam appear to move from the negative to the positive end Thomsons Experiment+-vacuum tubemetal disksvoltage source
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The Effect of an Electric Field on Cathode RaysDorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter, 3rd Edition, 1990, page 117 1897Made a piece of equipment called a cathode ray tube.It is a vacuum tube - all the air has been pumped out.Ī Cathode Ray TubeZumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 58īackground InformationCathode RaysForm when high voltage is applied across electrodes in a partially evacuated tube.Originate at the cathode (negative electrode) and move to the anode (positive electrode)Carry energy and can do workTravel in straight lines in the absence of an external fieldĬathode Ray Experiment1897 ExperimentationUsing a cathode ray tube, Thomson was able to deflect cathode rays with an electrical field.The rays bent towards the positive pole, indicating that they are negatively charged.